Critical Annotated Webliography

3. Frankenstein continues to occupy the popular imagination as a monstrous scientist. Analyse some of the ways in which Frankenstein continues to haunt discussions of recent technologies.

1. Orlin Damyanov pointed out that science fiction is the search for a definition of amn and his status in the universe which will stand on our advanced but confused state of knowledge. This is all about the science. Also, he clamed that technology and those dangerous are effecting on the nature and human life nowadays, which can observed in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. In Frankenstein, we are necessary to understand the compliable problem of technology. While Frankenstein was written in the industrial revolution, so technology was effect to the whole plot. Also, according to the article, ‘the relation of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein to technology and some of the crucial issues concerning technology in relation to human life, and exploration of the dangerous implications of human acts of creation. It is interesting to mention that Shelley's novel is our first and still one of our best cautionary tales about scientific research.’ Also, Frankenstein described that the passive female can be penetrated, because they wanted to satisfy the male desires of the scientist, ‘penetrate into the recesses of nature, and show how she works in her hiding places.’ The most important is Frankenstein implicit the warning of the inherent perils in technological developments of modern science.

2. Mary Shelley was the author of Frankenstein, she stated the detail background of the novel. First published of it was in 1818, it became a literary sensation. The novel has been examined by a multitude of literary critics. Psychoanalytic readings emphasize Frankenstein's issues with women, particularly his dead mother. The critical readings also think that the monster is the embodiment of Frankenstein’s unconscious murderous desires. Marxist readings suggest that Frankenstein is a representative of the alliance of science and capitalism that generated the Industrial Revolution. The monster in this reading is the working class, while it is the dominant class at that period of time, which have been created by the owners of factories but then abandoned by them. The monster serves as a warning of the consequences of unfettered, irresponsible capitalism and its thoughtless creation of a new 'race' of people. Moreover, Frankenstein is described in the rational scientific term. Nature is portrayed in Frankenstein as passive and feminine, something that can be penetrated and understood by the man of reason and science. The scientist controlled the role of God to take power over nature with destructive results, creating a monster that nobody can control.

3. According to ‘Frankenstein and law as technology’, it stated that Frankenstein involved both ‘Law, Technology and Society Studies’ and ‘Account of Law and Technology’. Frankenstein is the quintessential text on technology and humanity of the modern West. As the dilemma of the modern West is technology and humanity, it is not an extreme position to regard Frankenstein as an Ur-text of modernity. The foundational position within science technology studies and within popular representations of technology proved to its significance. Moreover, Frankenstein provides a series of interlinked characterizations and associations concerning scientists, technology and human society. In this Victor Frankenstein represents the logical scientist with his techniques to consider the wider context of his illicit creation, while to metaphase for technology the monster is ambiguous. It has the potential for good and the potential for evil. They can consider as two sides. It is at once a thing to be pity and a thing to be feared, and most readers are quick to see that Victor, with his ego and petty offense, as the true monster. But the monster’s “thing-ness”, its status as external to humanity, is repeatedly emphasized through its exclusion from human society and its want to get for a mate of its own kind. When the monster is presenting the technology, it is amoral and non-human. Frankenstein shows the vulnerability of human society and the bloody, products of science. Society passively lets the scientist created and it seems very weak when against the evil of the monster.

4. Mosses, Lyria Bennett commented that we need to evaluate our policy recommendations mindful of the fact that they might cause harm. At the same time the Frankenstein metaphor which talked in ‘Frankenstein and law as technology’ can be useful, it is highlighting that the harm caused by law as technology can be compared to the harm caused by applied science technologies. We need to be careful that we do not create a new monster in order to control Frankenstein. That observation is important. But we cannot make sure whether it changes the nature of the other theory. On the other hand, technologies are varied that some are indeed monstrous, potentially harmful and all that. It is set out a scheme for understanding the ways in which technology poses challenges for law, also discussing various "solutions" - which include some policy recommendations. Following the rational-seeming argument might lead to all kinds of disorder, breaking down and lost lives. It is not enough to say "law is technology and, like Frankenstein, capable of great harm."

5. Peter Nicholls is talking that Science fiction is difficult to define, as it includes a wide range of subgenres and themes. According to science fiction writer Robert A. Hennlein, ‘a handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method.’ Authors and filmmakers draw on a wide range of ideas. There can have a hard science fiction, soft and social science fiction. Hard science fiction, or "hard SF", is characterized by strict attention to accurate detail in sciences, especially physics, astrophysics, and chemistry. While, the description "soft" science fiction may describe based on social sciences such as psychology, economics, political science, sociology, and anthropology.

6. Forester, Tom is talking about the point of view about the information technology revolution. To further explained, The Information Technology Revolution emphasizes actual case studies and the material has been written by computer engineers. Which are involved the revolution in telecommunications, artificial intelligence and the "fifth generation" of supercomputers, the rise of the personal computer and the use of information technology in schools, factories, offices, banks, shops, and hospitals. When the technology revolution happen, it produced many social issues, such as computer crime, privacy, the impact of new technology on women, the Third World, 'smart' weapons, and the future of work itself. Also, we can says that ‘no technology revolution, no western society’.

Bliography:

1. Orlin Damyanov. ‘Technology and its dangerous effects on nature and human life as perceived in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and William Gibson' s Neuromancer’ (1996)
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/5972/gibson.html (accessed on 27 March 08).

2. Botting, Fred. ‘Making monstrous. Frankenstein, criticism, theory.’(1991)
http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/research/lit/texts/frankenstein.htm (accessed on 27 March 08)

3. Tranter, Kieran. ‘Frankenstein and law as technology’ (2007)
http://techtheory.blogspot.com/2007/02/frankenstein-and-law-as-technology.html (accessed on 28 March 08)

4. Mosses, Lyria Bennett. ‘Frankenstein and law as technology’ (2007)
http://techtheory.blogspot.com/2007/02/frankenstein-and-law-as-technology.html (accessed on 28 March 08)

5. Nicholls, Peter. ‘The Science Fiction Encyclopedia’ (1993)
http://books.google.com/books?id=26NyHREJwP8C&pg=PT268&dq=monstrous+technology+The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&lr=&hl=zh-TW&sig=ae_lhIY46Xmz4WK09vycEQnV3ck (accessed on 28 March 08)

6. Forester, Tom. ‘The information technology revolution’ (1985)
http://books.google.com/books?id=sLFlHgAACAAJ&dq=The+Information+Technology+Revolution&lr=&hl=zh-TW (accessed on 29 March 08)